小学六年级英语定语从句的用法归纳
定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。下面小编给大家分享了有关定语从句的英语语法知识,一起来看看吧!
定语从句中六个关系代词
关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破:
六个关系代词是:that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as , 注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。
which表物人用who,人物都有that顾;
先行词是物,关系代词用which,也可以用that;先行词是人,关系代词用who,也可以用that;先行词中既有人,又有物,关系代词只能用that。
例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year.
这就是我去年参观的那个山村。
解析:先行词mountain village是物,可用which或that, 因为定语从句中visit后缺宾语,说明which或that应该在定从中做宾语,所以还可以省略。
例句 2)The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend.
你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。
解析:先行词man表人,关系词可以用who/that/whom,因为定语从句中缺宾语,关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语,所以可以省略;另外,whom是专门用来做宾语用的,而who则只是在口语中才用。
例句 3)This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history.
这本杂志是我们历史老师的。
解析:先行词teacher是人,关系代词用who或that, 因为在定语从句中做主语,所以不能省略。
例句 4)He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited.
他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。
解析:先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物,关系代词只能用 that, 又因为that在定语从句中做宾语,所以又可以省略。
which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know;
这是which用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。
例句1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
解析:which是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:他似乎没抓住我的意思。
例句2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
解析:which是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:液态水变为蒸汽。
who做主语很称职,whom用到宾语里;
先行词是表示人的词,定语从句中如果缺主语,要用who做关系代词,如果缺宾语,正规场合下用whom, 口语中也可以用who。
例句 1)He is the boy who often goes to school late.
他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。
解析:先行词the boy 指人,后面的定语从句中缺少主语,因此用关系代词who。
例句 2)She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.
她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。
解析:先行词the old woman指人,后面的定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用whom,口语中也可以用who。
定语从句中的定从中的关系副词
关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠;
时间用when原因why,地点where经常在;
定语从句中的关系副词有三个:when, where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。when指时间, where指地点,why表原因。例如:
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
我仍然记得我初次到北京的那天。
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西郊。
That is the reason why I did the job.
那就是我为什么干这个活的原因。
关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代;
关系副词可以由介词加上which来替换。例如:
1)This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.
在这句中,where= in which
2) Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club?
在这句中,when= on which
3) This is the reason why (for which) he came late.
在这句中,reason= for which
关系代,关系代,that与who要除外;
挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;
介词后可用关系代词,但只能用which或whom,不能用that 和who。那么,这个介词怎么选呢?其一,可以看定语从句中的谓语动词;其二,可以看先行词。例如:
1) The pain from which the poor suffered in this area has attracted the attention of the public.
本句中用from 加 which, from与定语从句中的谓语动词搭配,suffer from。
2) English is a useful tool in which I can communicate with foreign friends.
本句中用in加which, 和先行词搭配,先行词表语言,因此用in。
聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副;
关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住;
它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷;
关系副词在定语从句中是做状语的,where做地点状语,when做时间状语,why做原因状语,但要特别注意,如果定语从句中所缺的不是状语,而是主语、宾语或表语,就不要用关系副词,而要用关系代词。例如:
1) I still remember the days _____ we spent together in the mountains last summer.
先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,spent是及物动词,缺宾语,因此不能填when, 而要用关系代词which或that。
2)This is the house ______ his grandfather once lived in.
先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,lived in, 明显缺宾语,in是介词,介词后应该有宾语,所以不能填where, 而要用which或that。
3)Is that the reason _______ you explained to the teacher for your being late for school?
先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,explain后应该跟双宾语,缺少一个宾语,因此不能用why, 而要用which或that。
限制与非限制性定语从句口诀
定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;
定语从句分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,区分它们有两个标准:1)从内容上看,限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,去掉后意思就不完整了;非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2)从形式上看,限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句:
The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)
The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性)
解析:第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句,没有逗号,不那去掉,否则意思不完整。
定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;
例句:
1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.
有人要和你讲话。
2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.
那些赞成计划的举起了手。
3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
解析:例句中somebody、those是代词,novel是名词,是被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词,可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。
定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;
定语从句都在先行词之后,连接定从和先行词的词,叫做关系词。关系词有两类:关系代词和关系副词。
关系词要注意两点:
1)它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词,
2)关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。
例句 1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。
解析:who=boys , 在定语从句中做主语,所以其后谓语用are。
例句 2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。
解析:which=game, 在定语从句中做主语。
例句 3)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天。
解析:when是关系副词=on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语。
例句 4)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
十年前我居住的房子已经被拆了。
解析:where是关系副词=in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语。
例句 5)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。
解析:why是关系副词=for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语。