大学英语四级听力都有哪些题型(2)
大学英语四级听力做题技巧
一、短文听力的位置
在四六级试卷中，短文听力的位置如下：
四级听力的第三部分，Section C，题号：16-25题，共10题，过级建议做对至少6题。
六级听力的第二部分：Section B，题号：9-15题，共7题，过级建议做对至少5题。
二、短文听力的篇幅
从2016年刚刚考过的听力来看：四级短文听力长度在230~260字左右，六级篇幅为250~280字左右。
实际上，改革后的四六级听力比四六级官方考纲里给到的篇幅都要长一些。难度是有所上升的。
短文听力长度变长，听的时候容易走神，题目靠后，又可能来不及预读选项。备考有哪些技巧能提高做题效率呢?
俗话说，知己知彼，百战不殆。先来看下短文听力的主要特征：
三、短文听力的主要特征
(1)信息量大，题材广泛。
短文长度一般为250字左右，中间无停顿。
另外短文的题材广泛：不仅有日常生活现象介绍分析、实验和调查研究、知名人物介绍、故事叙述，还会涉猎社会问题方面。
如全球升温，污染，交通，资源，文教等;另外还有一些集知识性和趣味性为一体的文章。
(2)句式复杂。
六级短文中的结构复杂的长难句出现的频率比四级的要高，这是短文听力的一个特点，也是一个难点。
理解长难句的能力得靠平时的练习和积累，不是靠一时之功就可以应对自如的。
不过临考遇到时也没必要慌张，尽最大努力把握好大意就可以了，不一定会影响答题。
(3)文脉清晰。
几乎所有的四六级听力短文都可以按逻辑结构分为：篇首，中间部分，篇尾。
篇首往往会开门见山地点明主题，所以一定要静听，精听，以便把握中心思想。
中间部分具体阐述主题，内容丰富，细致，翔实，往往是考点出现比较集中的部分。
篇尾是对通篇的总结。若是叙述类短文，则通常是必考部分。
(4)考点分布有规可循。
短文听力的考点分布一般与短文结构相呼应。
也就是说，为了考察应试者对文章整体脉络的掌握，开头部分的内容会设置一个考点，中间部分视情况有一至两个考点，篇尾处也会来一个考点。
形式为1+1+1=3或是1+2+1=4. (小编：难怪短文听力后的题目不是3个就是4个~ )
那么，知道了短文听力的这些特点，再结合小编之前推送的听力技巧重磅!听力技巧知道这些就够了!短文听力so easy!
四、短文听力核心技巧
1、视听基本一致
2、顺序答题，首尾句，转折关系等重点词汇
3、注意语调变化，升调(疑问句)时会出题
4、最高级会出题
五、真题示例
下面让我们以2011年6月六级考试真题的Passage C 为例，具体问题具体分析：
(篇首)Florence Hayes is a journalist for the Green Ville Journal, the daily newspaper in town. Specifically, she covers crime in the Green Ville area.
(中间部分)This responsibility takes her to many different places every week——the police station, the court and the hospital. Most of the crimes that she writes about fall into two groups: violent crimes and crimes against property. There isn't much violent crime in a small town like Green Ville, or at least not as much as in the large urban areas. But assaults often occur on Friday and Saturday nights, near the bars downtown. There're also one or two rapes on campus every semester. Florence is very interested in this type of crime and tries to write a long article about each one. She expects that this will make women more careful when they walk around Green Ville alone at night.
(中间部分)Fortunately, there were usually no murders in Green Ville. Crimes against property make up most of Miss Heyes' reporting. They range from minor cases of deliberate damaging of things to much more serious offenses, such as car accidents involving drunk drivers or bank robberies. But Florence has to report all of these violations from the thief who took typewriters from every unlock room in the dormitory to the thief who stole one million dollars worth of art work from the university museum.
(篇尾)Miss Hayes enjoys working for a newspaper but she sometimes gets unhappy about all the crime she has to report. She would prefer to start writing about something more interesting and less unpleasant such as local news or politics, maybe next year.
首先利用空隙时间浏览选项，推测文章大概内容，注意抓住信号词(下划加粗部分)。
32. What is Florence Hayes' main responsibility as a journalist?
A) Covering major events of the day in the city.
B) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.
C) Hunting news for the daily headlines.
D) Writing articles on family violence.
答案：B: Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.
解析：文章开篇处明确指出Specifically, she covers crime in the Green Ville area. 把握好这点，这个题目就解了，应选Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.
注意此处的同意转换：covers crime 相当于是reporting criminal offenses 换种说法而已。
33. What does the speaker say about security in Greenville?
A) It is a much safer place than it used to be.
B) Rapes rarely occur in the downtown areas.
C) Assaults often happen on school campuses.
D) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.
答案：D: It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.
解析：中间部分出现的考点;本题属逻辑推断题。
文中提到：There isn’t much violent crime in a small town like Greenville, or at least not as much as in the large urban areas.
在Greenville这样的小城，暴力犯罪并不多，至少可以说没有大城市的犯罪率高。
注意large urban areas也即big cities，属同义转换。
34. What do we learn about crimes against property in the Greenville area?
A) There are a wide range of cases.
B) They are very destructive.
C) There has been a rise in such crimes
D) They have aroused fear among the residents.
答案：A: There are a wide range of cases.
解析：这也是中间部分出现的考点;属推断总结题。
原文提到：They range from minor cases of deliberate damaging of things to much more serious offenses, such as car accidents involving drunk drivers or bank robberies.
可推断在Greenville区域，财产侵犯类犯罪，作案手段很多，其他选项里的信息文中都未提到。
35. What would Florence Hayes prefer to do?
A) Write about something pleasant.
B) Do some research on local politics.
C) Offer help to crime victims.
D) Work as a newspaper editor.
答案：A. Write about something pleasant.
解析：篇尾出现的考点;属细节把握题。
文末提到：She would prefer to start writing about something more interesting and less unpleasant such as local news or politics… 她宁愿报道些趣味性更浓，不那么令人讨厌的地方新闻或政治类新闻…;
另外文中提到：Miss Hayes enjoys working for a newspaper. 可见她并不讨厌记者这个行当，没想过彻底改行。
这篇听力属于典型的1+2+1=4的出题原则。听题时注意信号词和文章顺序，运用所听即所得原则，结合文章意义和选项中意义进行对比推测，不难得出正确答案。
由此可见，虽然改革后的四六级短文听力难度有所加大，但如果根据文章结构和考点分布的规律去把握全篇，有重点地记忆，分析信息，那么要拿下它也不成问题。
