刘邦和项羽的英语故事
历史上汉朝分为东汉和西汉，它是秦朝灭亡之后又兴起的一大统治王朝，项羽和刘邦是这时期的著名人物。下面就来看看关于这两位人物的英语故事吧，欢迎前来阅读。
西楚霸王项羽
Xiang Yu (232 B. C.~202 B. C.), was a Chinese general and leader of the rebel forces that overthrew the Qin Dynasty.
项羽(公元前232年~公元前202年)，楚国名将，推翻秦朝的起义军领袖。
He was the principal contestant for control of China with Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty.
在角逐统治中国的权力的时候，项羽是汉朝开国皇帝刘邦的主要竞争对手。
Xiana Yu's defeat signaled the end of the old aristocratic ruling in China.
项羽的失败意味着中国贵族统治的结束。
Xiang Yu was a member of a prominent family in Chu, one of the Chinese states absorbed by the Qin Dynasty when it united China and abolished the small feudal kingdoms into which the country had been divided.
项羽出身于楚国贵族家庭。秦朝统一中国之时吞并了很多封建小国，楚国就是其中一个。
When rebellions erupted against the Dynasty, Xiang Yu joined the Ch'u armies led by his uncle, eventually succeeding him as supreme commander.
反秦起义爆发后，项羽参加了他叔叔领导的楚军，最后继承他的位置成了最高统帅。
Xiang Yu's forces captured the Qin capital and executed the last Qin emperor.
项羽军队占领了秦都，处死了秦朝最后一个皇帝。
Xiang Yu then attempted to restore the earlier ruling system. He gave the title of emperor to a member of the former imperial family of the state of Ch'u and divided the country among the various insurgent generals, making each a ruler of one of the old royal houses.
那时项羽试图恢复原来的统治体系，拥原来楚国的一位王室成员为帝，并且割地封王。
Hsiang Yu took the old territory of Ch'u and reserved for himself the title of hegemon king.
项羽自立为西楚霸王，取原楚国领地。
Soon, however, he had the emperor executed, thus precipitating a struggle for supremacy with his rival generals, the foremost of whom was Liu Bang, who had been given control of western China.
但是，不久项羽就处死了皇帝，引发了他与竞争对手之间的霸权争夺斗争。项羽最重要的竞争对手，是当时统治着中国西部的刘邦。
Of peasant origin, Liu was a blunt, crude man but one who knew how to win the hearts of the people.
刘邦是农民出身，虽然粗鲁但是知道如何获得人心。
He had gradually eliminated his rivals in the west and consolidated his position. Hsiang Yü, by contrast, epitomized the aristocrat.
刘邦已经逐渐除去了他西部的竞争对手，巩固了自己的地位，相比而言项羽却是典型的贵族。
He was tall and muscular, a poet and an educated man, and a superb military tactician; yet he lacked the personal magnetism to gain and hold the loyalty of the common people.
项羽长得高大强壮，是个很有教养的诗人，还是一个极好的军事战略家，但是他却缺乏获得人心的个人魅力。
The truce that the two rivals for power concluded was violated almost immediately by Liu Bang, who also repeatedly declined Xiang Yu's offers to settle their conflict in hand-to-hand combat.
停战协议签订完毕，刘邦几乎马上就把它抛到脑后。刘邦还一次又一次地拒绝项羽通过自刃战解决问题的提议。
In 202 Xiang Yü's forces were overwhelmed, and he chose suicide rather than capture.
202年，项羽战败，但宁死不降。
His heroism, especially during the final battle, has been glorified in Chinese stories and poetries.
项羽的英雄气概，特别是最后决战时期表现出来的，在中国故事和诗歌中得到赞誉。
汉高祖刘邦
Emperor Gaozu,also known under the name Liu Bang, was the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C. ---- 24 A.D.).
汉高祖刘邦是西汉(公元前206年至公元24年)的开国皇帝。
He was born into a peasant family in Pei (present Pei County in Jiangsu Province), and was once one of the leaders of the peasant insurrections in the late Qin Dynasty (221—206 B.C.).
他出生于沛县(今江苏省沛县)的一个农民家庭，在秦朝(公元前221年至公元前206年)晚期曾担任农民起义的领袖。
Having suffered a lot under the despotic rule, Liu Bang rose against it at the end of the Qin Dynasty together with Xiang Yu.
因为遭受了残暴统治的巨大痛苦，刘邦在秦末和项羽一起揭竿造反。
The two of them became two important leaders of the peasant uprisings which were taking place at the time.
他们二人成为了那时农民起义的主力军。
In 206 B.C, Liu Bang started by breaking the capital city of Qin, Xianyang, thus putting an end to the notorious Qin Dynasty.
公元前206年，刘邦在秦朝都城咸阳起义，结束了这个臭名昭著的秦王朝。
He abandoned the harsh laws, reduced taxes and instituted three regulations in order to protect the interests of normal people.
他取消了严厉的刑法，减少了苛捐杂税，建立了三项规定来保障人民的利益。
These actions made him popular with the people.
这些举动使他深得民心。
However, Liu Bang’s actions and fame were the source of Xiang Yu’s envy.
然而，刘邦的行为与名气招致了项羽的嫉妒。
Xiang Yu had the intention of becoming an emperor with control over the entire country.
项羽想要成为一统全国的皇帝。
When Xiang Yu proclaimed himself the King of Chu, Liu Bang realized that he was inferior to Xiang Yu
当项羽宣称自己是楚国的君主时，刘邦意识到自己的身份比项羽低微，
and adopted the suggestions of Xiao He to move to Hanzhong (present Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province) with the title “King of Han” which was conferred by Xiang Yu.
就听取了萧何的建议以项羽授予自己的“汉军君主”的名号转移到了汉中(今陕西省汉中)。
In Hanzhong, Liu Bang focused his efforts on developing the agriculture and training an army, through which he reinforced his material accumulation and military power.
在汉中，刘邦潜心发展农业和军队，通过此举，他加强了自己的物资积累和军事实力。
Before long， Liu Bang left Hanzhong and stationed in the Central Shaanxi Plain, where he launched a war now known as the Chu-Han War, against Xiang Yu.
没过多久，刘邦离开汉中，驻扎在了陕西平原中部。在那里，他与项羽展开了一场著名的战争——楚汉之争。
The war lasted four years (206---- 202 B.C.) and ended with Liu Bang’s victory.
这场战争持续了四年时间(公元前206年至公元前202年)并以刘邦的胜利结束。
Having defeated Xiang Yu, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty in 202 BC and made Chang’an (present city of Xian) his capital city.
打败项羽后，刘邦于公元前202年建立汉朝，定都长安(今西安)。
Liu Bang became historically known as Emperor Gaozu.
他在历史上被称为汉高祖。
During the time Liu Bang was in power, he continued to use the centralism created by Qin, replaced original vassals and granted lands to his relatives.
刘邦执政期间沿用了秦朝的中央集权制，取消了原来的诸侯国，将土地无偿分封给他的亲戚。
In economy, he reduced taxes and corvee and developed agriculture, but he restricted the commerce.
经济上，他减免了苛捐杂税与劳逸并积极发展农业，但是限制了商业的发展。
Emperor Gaozu’s efforts laid a solid foundation for the over four-hundred-year reign of the Han Dynasty.
高祖的努力为汉朝之后四百多年的统治打下了牢固的基础。
