2016年6月英语四级阅读理解题及答案
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.
个人选择的概念与健康行为的关系是一个重要的问题，如果个人能根据当前的医学知识做出个人健康选择，估计有百分之90的疾病是可以预防的。
We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of health related behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.
我们都喜欢自由的选择，不喜欢看到它限制在法律和道德的社会界限，美国社会的结构允许我们做出几乎所有可能涉及我们健康的个人决定，如果我们愿意，我们可以吸烟、酗酒、不佩戴安全带、吃任何我们想要吃的食物和过着完全久坐不动的生活方式，尽管这些决定是否明智会被质疑。相对于健康的个人选择往往会造成困难，举个例子来说，一个十几岁的青少年可能会知道吸烟和健康方面的事实，但可能会受到来自朋友的压力，相信这是社会公认的事。多种因素，既有先天遗传也有与环境有关，影响着我们一些健康的行为发展。讨论所有这些因素，是超出了本文的范围，因为他们可能会影响任何一个人，但是，决定采取一种特殊的与健康相关的行为通常是个人选择。
There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.
你可以选择健康地生活方式，也可以选择不健康的生活方式。在讨论个人选择的道德方面， 弗里斯和克拉波作出了一个比较。他们认为，明知某些行为是会减少寿命却还要去做，那无异于自杀。因此，那些对于保护生命的质量和数量生活感兴趣的人，人们应选择那些根据统计可增强活力增加寿命的行为方式。
36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because__查看答案__.
A.personal health choices help cure most illnesses B.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge
C.it is essential to personal freedom in American society D.wrong decisions could head to poor health
37. To “live a completely sedentary lifestyle”(Para. 1) in the passage means__查看答案__.”
A.to live an inactive life B.to live a decent life C.to live a life with complete freedom D.to live a life of vice
38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because__查看答案__.
A.current medical knowledge is still insufficient
B.there are many factors influencing our decisions
C.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevity
D.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends
39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to__查看答案__.
A.improving the quality of one's life
B.limiting one's personal health choice
C.deliberately ending one's life
D.breaking the rules of social behavior
40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on__查看答案__.
A.personal decisions B.laws of society
C.statistical evidence D.opinions of friends
