英语考试怎么拿高分:慎用过去完成时
在高考单选题中,过去完成时常常成为考生的麦城,丢分的情况较为常见。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,句子中一定有一个“过去时间点”,在此“点”之前发生的动作才能使用过去完成时。所以,答题时,除下列情况以外,应当慎用过去完成时:
1. 在hardly /scarcely ... when/than ... 或 no sooner ... than ... 句式中。
Hardly had she spoken when she regretted it bitterly. 话刚出口她就后悔不迭。(regretted是一个“过去时间点”,speak在先,是“过去的过去”。)
2. 句中有by the end of last year /month这样的时间状语时。
By the end of the holiday, I had spent all my money. 假期结束时,我已花光了所有的钱。(the end of the holiday是一个“过去时间点”,by指“到此点为止”之前,是“过去的过去”。)
3. 在had done /hadn't done sth. before / when ... 句式中。
I had learned some Chinese before I came to China. 来中国之前我学过一点中文。 (came to China是一个“过去时间点”,“学中文”发生在“此点”之前。)
We hadn't gone too far when /before it began to rain. 我们还没走多远,天就下雨了。(“下雨”是“过去时间点”,“此点”之前“尚未走远”。)
4. 在 it was the first time that...句式中。
It was the first time she had seen him in person. 这是她第一次见到他本人。(可作固定习惯来记忆)
总之,除第四种情况不是十分清楚之外,其他情况下,两个动作之间、或动作与时间点之间,都有比较清晰的先后关系。掌握了这种“先后关系”,就不难判断是否应选择过去完成时。实在没把握,应慎用过去完成时。
小试身手
1. When I was in London, I _______ some English.
A. picked up
B. had picked up
C. was picking up
D. would pick up
2. We _______ with our grandparents for most of our last vacation.
A. stayed
B. had stayed
C. have stayed
D. will stay
3. They informed us that they _______ some changes to their original plan.
A. made
B. had made
C. have made
D. will make
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作者:苏北(公众号 苏北教育)