初三中考英语名词知识点归纳
名词是中考的常考点也是必考点,所以初三的学生要好好掌握这一个知识点了。小编为大家准备了一些相关的资料,一起来看看吧!
名词的所有格
名词的所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
(1) 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加“’s”,其复数形式是“s’”。
例如:a student’s room
students’ rooms
father’s shoes
(2) 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加“’s”。
例如:Children’s Day
(3)在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用“’s”。
例如:a twenty minutes’ walk
ten miles’ journey
a boat’s length
two pounds’ weight
ten dollars’ worth
(4)无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。
例如:a map of China
the end of this term
the capital of our country
the color of the flowers
(5)双重所有格。
例如:a friend of my father’s
名词的数
(1) 可数名词的单数和复数。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“ s”构成,其主要变法如下:
①一般情况在词尾加“ s”。
例如:doctor→doctors
②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加“ es”。
例如:bus→buses
box→boxes
watch→watches
brush→brushes
③以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加“ s”。
例如:orange→oranges
size→sizes
④以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加“ es”。
例如:factory→factories
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加“ s”。
例如:boy→boys
⑤以o结尾的词多数都加“ es”。
例如:hero→heroes
potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
但词末为两个元音字母的词只加“ s”。
例如:zoo→zoos
radio→radios
还有某些外来词也只加“ s”。
例如:photo→photos
piano→pianos
⑥以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加“ es”。
例如:knife→knives
⑦少数名词有不规则的复数形式。
例如:man→men
woman→women
tooth→teeth
foot→feet
child→children
mouse→mice
注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是“ men”和“ women”。
例如:an Englishman→two Englishmen
但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans。
man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
例如:men workers
women teachers
有个别名词单复数一样,如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。
⑧形式上为单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。
⑨数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。
例如:ten minutes’ walk
an 8 year old girl
a ten mile walk
⑩还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,
scissors,compasses等。
(2) 不可数名词“量”的表示方法。
在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
①用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。
例如:The rich man has a lot of money. (这个富人有很多钱。)
There is some milk in the bottle. (瓶子里有些牛奶。)
Is there any water in the glass? (杯子里有水吗?)
I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice. (我不喜歡冬天,因为冬天有太多的冰雪。)
②用a piece of 这类定语。
例如:a piece of paper/wood/bread
a bottle of orange
a glass of water/milk
a cup of tea
a bag of rice
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。
例如:two cups of tea
four pieces of paper
three glasses of water
不可数名词也可用a lot of,lots of,some,any,much等来修饰。
名词题目专项练习
1. There are some ________ on the hill.
A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes
2. Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email.
A. some good information B. some good informations
C. good informations D. a good information
3. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books.
A. child B. childrens' C. children D. children's
4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ________ .
A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers
5. Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class.
A. students B. students C. student's D. students'
6. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .
A. forty minutes's walk B. forty minute's walk
C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes' walk
7. How many _____ are there in your class ?
A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian
8. I found my black cat in_____ room.
A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mike's C. Jim's and Mike's D. Jim's and Mike
9. How much are the _____ ?
A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes
10. There are many ______ in our school.
A. woman teachers B. woman's teachers C. women teachers D. women's teachers
11. Three months ________ a long time for me.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
12. There are ______ and ______ on the table.
A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges
B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange
C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange
D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges
KEYS:
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