英语作文容易错的语法 英语作文常见的十大错误

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  1. 主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性

  汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致,谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而学生主要用汉语思维,因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数。例如:

  a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.

  b. He go to school by bike every day.

  分析:

  a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数,在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。

  2.时态

  高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多,动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示,对高中生来说,掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上,学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则,但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。例如:

  a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.

  b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.

  正确的句子:

  a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.

  b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.

  分析:

  第一句是一个常识问题,应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时,从句是一般现在时态。

  3.语态错误

  动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是,学生由于汉语思维的影响,很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义,但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式,其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息,中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语,不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。例如:

  a. New bicycles must keep inside.

  b. The book has to return at the end of the week.

  c. The food has cooked.

  正确的句子:

  a. New bicycles must be kept inside.

  b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.

  c. The food has been cooked.

  很明显,这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误,其中之一是,常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组),如 take place, occur, happen, belong to,appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。

  4.固定搭配

  错误有介词短语的搭配,固定词组的搭配,更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的时候,不记搭配和真正用法,错误如下:

  a. He suggested to go there on his bike.

  b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.

  正确的句子:

  a. He suggested going there on his bike.

  b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.

  据以上的分析,中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响,直接翻译,没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。

  5.非谓语动词

  错误由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚,对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白,对句子结构分析不正确,常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个,如果有另外一个动词出现,这个动词有三种情况:一是并列谓语,但是这时候必须有连词,如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现,现在分词和过去分词,还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义,而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的意义。例如:

  a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.

  b. I am looking forward to see you.

  正确的句子:

  a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.

  b. I am looking forward to seeing you.

  分析:

  a句中己有谓语动词there are,用来修饰things,此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语,后面要接动名词。c句要用现在分词作定语,跟所修饰的名词之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行,因此用“sleeping”,相当于 “the child who is sleeping"。

  6.冠词错误

  学生在翻译时常会忘了考虑冠词,或者说不重视冠词这个问题,常有多用或少用或错用的弊病。

  冠词考查分两个方面,一是冠词的残缺或多余,考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别,如:in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。

  英汉名词确有许多共同点,但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分,汉语里没有,且一般情况下,名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此,英语写作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少数常用不可数名词时,学生往往会犯错误。

  不过,在使用英语不可数名词时,又会出现两种情况,一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰,如上述提及的几个名词:另一种情况是,少数不可数名词在被形容词等修饰后,可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间),rain(雨)。所以我们可以说:We had a wonderful time yesterday. 例如:

  a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.

  b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.

  正确的句子:

  a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.

  b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.

  7.代词的错误

  代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词,要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用,关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用,关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用,关系代词which与关系副词when, where,以及what与how的误用等。例如:

  a. We do not like he.

  b. If you like this books, you can take them away.

  c. His book is different from me.

  正确的句子:

  a. We do not like him.

  b. If you like these books, you can take them away.

  c. His book is different from mine.

  汉语里,人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而且每格都具有其自身的用途,分别充当主语、宾语和定语等。尤其要注意的是,人称代词充当介词宾语时,也要采用其宾格形式。

  8.连词的错误

  连词主要有两类,即并列连词和从属连词,考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用),从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。例如:

  a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.

  b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.

  正确的句子:

  a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.

  b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.

  9.名词的错误

  名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词,这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响,英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外,可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。例如:

  a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!

  b. Please give my best regard to your parents.

  c. I have got good marks in all my subject.

  正确的句子:

  a. What beautiful weather we are having today!

  b. Please give my best regards to your parents.

  c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.

  10.情态动词和助动词的错误

  这类错误有以下几种情况:① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态;② 情态动词后的动词加“s”③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”④”will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态;⑥。助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s";⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。例如:

  a. I could did my homework.

  b. He may goes to school by bike every day.

  正确的句子:

  a. I could do my homework.

 

  b. He may go to school by bike every day.

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