北京市2017年中考英语试题及答案(8)

　　56.【正确答案】A

　　【解题思路】观察设空后是逗号，且后面连词but，即逻辑关系表转折，意思前后相反。后面说他们“不同”，那么前面就是他们 “相同”。选项A中 “They look like each other”，故正确答案为选项A。

　　57.【正确答案】E

　　【解题思路】观察设空后面是逗号，逗号后面是连词while，此处while表转折，前后相反，后面说Tara的观点，前面就是Lara的观点。选项E “Lara thought…” 与逻辑相符，故正确答案为选项E。

　　58.【正确答案】B

　　【解题思路】观察设空位置在段首，了解空后一句即可。通过后面一句话，为了结束他们的争吵父母进行了一个举措。所以前面是他们进行了多年的争吵。选项C “For years, their arguments continued” 与后一句目的一致，故正确答案为选项B。

　　59.【正确答案】D

　　【解题思路】观察设空位置在段落中，需要联系前后句。通过选项in the room中的定冠词the，我们可知这个room是前文提及过的，因为59空前提及了父母把他们带到了一个屋子，且选项中出现了 “a big board”，后文中也出现了 “the board”，说明上文也有提及，故正确答案为选项D。

　　60.【正确答案】C

　　【解题思路】观察设空位置在段中，需要联系前后句。后文是reply，所以前面是需要一个提问。前一句说的是他们父亲的提问，两个女孩的回答。现在是他们的母亲进行提问。选项C “Their mother asked…”与之相关，故正确答案为选项C。

　　八、阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分，每小题2分)

　　What's in a Name?

　　Many American names come from England. But where did most English names come from?

　　Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name —their first name. In the 11th century, five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William, and it was easy to get confused. But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly. If there were four Williams in one village, one might be referred to as William the son of John. A second might be called William from the hill. A third, William the blacksmith (铁匠). And a fourth, William the brown haired. In conversation, people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son, William hill, William smith, and William brown.

　　It was 300 or 400 years before these extra (附加的) names gradually developed into last names, or surnames. They were passed on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith, had the name Robert smith, even if he was not a blacksmith like his father. As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert Smith. By the 15th century, most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.

　　Many surnames were based on father-son relations. The “son of” part was added to the father's first name, like Johnson, meaning John's son. Sometimes it was shortened to just “s”, as in Jones or Evans. Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived. They are the most common type of surname. A third kind of surname was based on a person's job. Forester was someone who looked after the forest. In the Middle Ages, occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common. The fourth kind of surname was a nickname (绰号). A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.

　　Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common surname in the English language is Smith. Being able to make metals (金属) into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages, and many people were trained blacksmiths. The most common American surnames are Smith, Johnson, Williams, and Brown.

　　61. Where do many American names come from?_____________________________________________________

　　【正确答案】England.

　　【解题思路】本题为细节题。定位关键词 “American names”和“come from”，在文章第一段第一句，故正确答案为England。

　　62. When did people find a way to describe each person exactly?

　　_____________________________________________________

　　【正确答案】In the Middle Ages.

　　【解题思路】本题为细节题。定位关键词 “find a way”, “describe”和“exactly” 在文章第二段第三句话，故正确答案为In the Middle Ages。

　　63. How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names?

　　_____________________________________________________

　　【正确答案】300 or 400 years.

　　【解题思路】本题为细节题。定位关键词 “extra names”, “develop”和“last names”，在文章第三段第一句话，故正确答案为300 or 400 years。

　　64. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

　　_____________________________________________________

　　【正确答案】Four kinds of surnames and what they were based on.

　　【解题思路】本题为段落主旨大意题。定位文章第四段“Many surnames were based on father-son relations”, “they are the most common type of surname”, “ A third kind of surname was based on a person’s job” 和“The fourth kind of surname was a nickname”,故正确答案为Four kinds of surnames and what they were based on。

　　65. Why were many people trained blacksmiths in the Middle Ages?

　　_____________________________________________________

　　【正确答案】Because being able to make metals into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages.

　　【解题思路】本题为细节题。定位关键词“people trained blacksmiths” 和“in the Middle Ages”，在文章最后一段第三句话，故正确答案为Because being able to make metals into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages。

　　书面表达 (共15分)

　　九、文段表达。(15分)

　　66. 从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

　　题目①

　　假如你是李华，正在美国参加一个交换生项目。今天下午你应邀和朋友Jim一家外出，请用英语给接待家庭的妈妈Mrs. Smith写一个留言条，告诉她你们要去哪里，去做什么，以及你回家的时间和方式。

　　提示词语:park, movie theater, go boating, watch a movie

　　提示问题:●Where are you going?

　　●What are you going to do?

　　●When and how will you get home?